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art and literature are where the true, lasting power lies – the statue itself and the words inscribed on it have long outlasted Ozymandias. Wordsworth uses impressive imagery to describe the night. The gentle light of the moon and stars turns to darkness as the narrator becomes more troubled, “there hung a darkness, call it solitude”. The imagery becomes increasingly dark and disturbing. This is like a gothic tale or even a horror story in places. Power –the power of paper in our lives to record events, ideas and memories. The poem even suggests paper has the power to change the course of our lives. Including historical facts or biographical information about the poet adds no value to your answers
Tennyson uses some interesting language and techniques to reflect the story of the charge and the honour of the soldiers. Notably the first three stanzas contain examples of repetition “half a league, half a league, half a league onward”; “Rode the six hundred”; and “cannon to the right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon in front of them”. This combines with the rhythm to enhance the feeling of galloping horses. The direct speech of “Forward the Light Brigade! Charge the guns… Forward the Light Brigade!” emphasises their bravery and places the reader in amongst the charging soldiers. Carole Rumens was born and raised in London. She has written many poems since the 1970s and has translated a number of other poems from Russian. People analysing her work have suggested that she has a ‘fascination with elsewhere’ – an idea that crops up in much of her writing. This is shown in The Emigreebecause the speaker longs to be ‘elsewhere’. Content Power – This poem is all about power. The Duke is powerful in society and has a big ego because of that. Browning implies that he demonstrated his own personal power and control in his family life by killing his wife. Armitage has written a poem, describing what it is like for soldiers away from the battlefield, which is untypical of war poems, to contrast with readers' ideas of soldiers' lives being glorified and highlight the support that they actually do need.
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Humanity –Dharker compares the delicacy of paper to buildings and structures that can easily be destroyed. The poem ends by drawing human life into this comparison, suggesting that human life is fragile like paper, but that the essence of humanity has the power to outlast structures and ideas. Conflict– Much of the language used is related to the military and to conflict. The implication is that the son was badly injured before he died in a distant conflict. Using the poet’s name can help you think about the text as a conscious construct, and will keep reminding you that the poet deliberately put the poem together The core image in this poem is that of the huge statue which now lies in ruins. Shelley creates a really effective image for the reader, with the remains surrounded by desert. This emphasises the fact that the once great power of Ozymadias has completely gone. Themes The writing is continuous, with no stanzas. Wordsworth uses lots of punctuation to help the reader ‘break up the poem’. Although only an extract from the main poem, this section is a full story in itself.
The first four lines of each stanza have a regular ‘abba’ rhyme to convey the consistency of the soldiers’ experience. The difficulties they are facing go on and on without change. However, some of the rhymes are half-rhymes, “knive us/ nervous”, “wire/ war” and “brambles/ rumbles”. This adds to the sense of unease. The men fear the effects of the weather and the constant threat of death. Language Start by looking at topics you haven't learned for a while. You'll find all the topics for all your courses on Seneca. Exile– the speaker is an exile from their homeland. The lost home could also represent a lost past, or childhood. In 2007 Armitage made a programme for Channel 4 called ‘The Not Dead’. He also wrote a collection of poems (including Remains) under the same title. In preparation Armitage interviewed a number of soldiers who had fought in wars, including the Gulf War. Remainsseems to relate to the Gulf War as he mentions ‘desert sand’. Content
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Towards the end of the poem Weir introduces images of the songbird and the dove. The speaker ‘released a song bird from its cage’ as a metaphor for sending her son off to join the army and fight. Later – when the focus has shifted to the mother’s visit to the war memorial – ‘the dove pulled freely against the sky, an ornamental stitch’. This is open to interpretation and you should have a think about what your take on it is. The dove symbolises peace. Weir may be using the dove as a metaphor for the death of the son and the final peace he has found in death. Themes You should aim to eat healthily to help with your revision. Revision food includes whole grains, nuts, berries, and even dark chocolate. Other revision food suggestions are oily fish, eggs, dark leafy greens, peanut butter, green tea, and fresh fruit. Blake uses repetition to emphasise important points. “Charter’d” is repeated in the first stanza to show how everything in the city is owned by the rich and powerful. The repetition of “Marks” in stanza two shows the physical marks and scars on people due to their living conditions. It also has a double meaning as it could suggest the speaker recording (or ‘marking’) what he saw on the journey through London. London is written in a very regular way and resembles a song. Each of the four stanzas offers a snapshot of an aspect of life in the city. Rhyme The theme of the power of nature (and how human power interacts with the power of nature) is explored in some of the poems in the anthology. It can explore:
This is a narrative poem (telling a story). It begins by reporting on events as if someone else had told them. Then, in sections in italics, Garland switches to a first person narrative (where the speaker tells a story directly). This allows the reader to better understand the thoughts and feelings of the speaker. Brilliant – you have a convincing reason to mention this structure, as it is leading to really interesting interpretations of the mother. So this earns a high AO3 mark. The title, ‘Remains’, has a double meaning for the speaker. It literally refers to the physical remains of the man who was shot, while also relating to the memory of the shooting that remains forever in the speaker’s mind. At a few points the language Armitage chooses also alludes to Shakespeare’s Macbeth. In this poem the speaker talks of his disturbed sleep, which links to Macbeth’s line that ‘Macbeth doth murder sleep’ after he has murdered the King. Furthermore, the poem finishes with the description of his ‘bloody hands’, which links the reader to Lady Macbeth’s madness following the murder. Lady Macbeth’s guilt drives her mad to the extent that she cannot wash the imaginary bloodstains from her hands. Imagery The theme of oppression is linked to the idea of control. It has strong links to the idea of inequality , because those being oppressed often belong to marginalised groups who are treated unequally. It can explore:Jealousy and madness – the Duke was clearly jealous of his wife simply smiling at other people. This, combined with his exaggerated sense of power meant he felt he could kill the Duchess. The Charge of the Light Brigade (Alfred Lord Tennyson) Context This is a good thesis statement, laying out the structure for the essay. Even better if it includes what the author intends us to think about these characters or the issues. What are we supposed to think, feel or predict about the mother’s experience, or the impact on the soldier? At first glance the language used in this poem looks fairly natural. It’s the sort of language that is used in everyday speech, so it seems as though the speaker is talking to us. Alongside this natural language, however, Rumens uses lots of metaphors and similes to emphasise her message. Metaphors like: ‘the bright, filled paperweight’, ‘branded by an impression of sunlight’ and ‘time rolls its tanks’ create contrasting images of the positive memories of the speaker versus the conflict that has now engulfed the homeland. The city itself could also be considered an extended metaphor for a lost childhood that everyone can relate to. My Last Duchess is in the form of a dramatic monologue (the extended speech of an individual character). Although a dramatic monologue, it is clear that this is one side of a conversation with an emissary from the family of the Duke’s next wife. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, with rhyming couplets. Rhyming couplets would usually make the lines seem memorable, but the use of punctuation throughout the poem breaks this up and shows us that this is unrehearsed speech. Browning also uses plenty of enjambment (where lines run on), which adds to the use of punctuation in emphasising the narrator’s arrogance. Language and imagery You link a huge range of references together, for a very high AO1 references mark. Examiners love a semantic field! They are also linked to an interpretation of the mother, for a high AO2 mark.
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